There are three ways to end a winning bid.
The Unpaid Item Dispute that nubian mentions. This gives you your fees back and the deadbeat buyer gets a Strike, which makes it harder to buy in future.
The Mutual Cancellation Request must either be agreed to by the buyer or ignored by the buyer. If the buyer refuses the request the transaction is still active. If he has paid, the seller must ship. If he agrees, you get your fees back and both leave friendly feedback.
A new twist is that both buyer and seller seem to be able to cancel a transaction within a very short time after the purchase. I frankly have no knowledge of how this plays out.
Unless you have an email from eBay saying the transaction is cancelled and you have your fees back don't relist. You could end up with two buyers with equally valid claims to the same single item. Not a happy situation.
You can also put the buyer on your Blocked Bidder List, if you never want to deal with him again. This is on the Site Map under Manage Bidders.